The Gastrointestinal
Encyclopedia
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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The  Dictionary
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the GASTROLAB Digestive Dictionary
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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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V (U) Volt(s)
VacA A protein produced by about 50% of Helicobacter pylori-strains, which causes vacuolization of some cells.
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Valvula Bauhini to the left in the picture
Valvula Bauhini The ileocecal valve, a mechanical valve in the junction between small bowel and the first part of the large bowel, cecum. The valve prevents reflux from colon into the small bowel. Synonyms: Bauhin´s valve, Tulpius´ valve, Varolius´ valve.
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Vancomycin An antibacterial drug used in the treatment of some bacterial infections, ao in the treatment of Pseudomembranous colitis, caused by Clostridium difficile
Varolius´ valve Valvula Bauhini, see Valvula Bauhini
Vasculitis Inflammation of blood vessels
Vaso- (Pre) Vessel
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) A gastrointestinal hormone (or neurotransmitter) produced int pancreas and gut. The main physiological effect is stimulation of intestinal secretion.
Venectasia Varicosity of a vein, dilated veins
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Colonic venectasia
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Venectasia, colonic, slightly dilated varicose veins in the large bowel. This is a quite common finding in a colonoscopy and a finding like this does not have any clinical significance, as these veins do not cause bleeding, and no treatment is necessary
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Ventriculus (lat) Stomach. Eg "ulcus ventriculi" = gastric ulcer. Can also be used for other cavities on the body.
Verner-Morrison syndrome See VIPoma.
Vincent´s angina Acute ulcerative gingivitis, probably caused by bacterial infection (e.g. Fusobacterium fusiformis and Borrelia vincenti. Symtoms are pain, bleeding from gums, foul fetor and lymphadenitis, and this disease is treated with penicillin or metronidazole.
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Small bowel mucosa showing numerous villi seen with a capsule endoscope
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Villus Small finger-like protrusions projecting from membranous surfaces. Intastinal villi line the small intestine and are of great importance in the intestinal absorption of nutrients and fluids.
Villus atrophy Atrophy of the intestinal villi, the typical finding in coeliac disease. Coeliac disease or gluten enteropathy is not the only cause of villus atrophy, which can be found also in acute gastrointestinal infections, chronic giardia infection, Crohns disease, hypogammaglobulinemia and small bowel bacterial overgrowth, Whipples disease and amyloidosis. NSAID-drugs and abdominal radiation therapy can cause villus atrophy. In children villus atrophy can be found in allergic disorders, as cow milk allergy.
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VIP (Abbr) Vasoactive intestinal protein, a gastrointestinal hormon. See VIPoma.
VIPoma A rare pancreatic endocrine tumor producing Vasoactive intestinal protein (VIP). Due to this hormone, the patients suffer from a watery diarrhea and hypokalemia, and they have a diminished gastric acid secretion, hence the acronym Watery Diarrea, Hypokalemia and Achlorhydria (WDHA). The tumor can be malignant and metastasize mainly to the liver. Surgical resection if possible is the treatment of choice and a complete resection is curative. VIPoma is also termed Verner-Morrison syndrome.
Viscera (Lat) The internal organs in the major cavities of the body. Most often viscera is used to refer to the internal organs in the abdominal cavity.
Vital Of utmost importance to maintain life. A surgical procedure can be of vital importance in order to safe the life of the patient.
Vital Therapies Inc An american company which is developint ELAD, an artificial liver device contianing alive liver cells. This device, not yet in clinical use, could be of importance when treating patients with an acute liver failure, due to viral hepatitis or alchohol, or any other fulminant hepatic failure.
Vitamin B12 , cyancobolamin, is needed for the synthesis of hemoglobin and for the proper function of the nerves. The absorption of vitamin B12 is disturbed in pernicious anemia and in diseases that affect the distal small bowel, especially Crohn´s Disease. Vitamin B12 is mainly absorbed in the distal part of the ileum, the terminal ileum.
Vitrum (Lat) Glass, bottle
Vol (Abbr) Volume
von Bergmann´s syndrome A type of hiatal hernia described by F. Cunha in 1934.
Von Hippel-Lindau disease An autosomally dominantly inherited rare disease, charactererized by retinal and central nervous system hemangioblastomas, renal cell carcinomas, and pheochromocytomas. Several types of pancreatic lesions have been found in this disease, including pancreatic cysts and cystadenomas, adenocarcinomas and neuroendocrine tumors.
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von Meyenburg complexes seen in ultrasound
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von Meyenburg complex Small biliary hamartomas (benign tumours consisting of quite normal mature cells) in the liver. This disease is found incidentally when an ultrasound examination of the liver is made for other reasons. No treatment is needed or necessary. There might be an association between this disease and polycystic kidney disease and it is suggested that there might be a slightly increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma. This disease was first described by Hans von Meyenburg, a German pathologist born 1887.
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VSL#3 (TM)A probiotic medical food used in the treatment of bowel disorders as ulcerative colitis, pouchitis and irritable bowel syndrome. One dose contains 450 billlions of bifodobacterias and live lactic acid bacteria. The recommended dose is l - 2 packets per day. When used to treat ulcerative colitis up to 8 packets per day can be used.
Vulva The external female genitals.
Vulvitis Inflammation of the external female genitals, the vulva.
Vulvovaginitis Inflammation of the external female genitals and the vagina.
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